Installing Gems from Git Repositories

Many gems are hosted on git repositories, such as the public repositories on Github. However, to get the latest version, quite often there are no gems built for you to install with ease. Installing from git is quite easy though. First, you have to understand what git is. Git is what the developers of the library use to track the source code and to collaborate. Git is not a release mechanism. Its important to note that the version of the software you get from git may or may not be stable. Its not a release version and could contain bugs that will be fixed before the next official release. The first thing you have to do in order to install gems from git is install git. This page of The Git Book explains how to do this. Its rather straightforward on all platforms and once its installed, you have everything you need. Installing a gem from a Git repository is going to be a 4 step process. Clone the Git repository.Change to the new directory.Build the gem.Install the gem. Clone the Git Repository In Git lingo, to clone a git repository is to make a copy of it. Were going to be making a copy of the rspec repository from github. This copy will be a full copy, the same the developer will have on their computers. You can even make changes (though you wont be able to commit these changes back into the repository). The only thing you need to clone a git repository is the clone URL. This is provided on the github page for RSpec. The clone URL for RSpec is git://github.com/dchelimsky/rspec.git. Now simply use the git clone command provided with the clone URL. $ git clone git://github.com/dchelimsky/rspec.git This will clone the RSpec repository into a directory called rspec. This directory should always be the same as the final part of the clone URL (minus the .git part). Change to The New Directory This step, too, is very straightforward. Simply change to the new directory created by Git. $ cd rspec Build the Gem This step is a bit more tricky. Gems are built using Rake, using the task called gem. $ rake gem It may not be that simple though. When you install a gem using the gem command, silently in the background it does something rather important: dependency checking. When you issue the rake command, it may come back with an error message saying it needs another gem installed first, or that you need to upgrade a gem already installed. Install or upgrade this gem using either the gem command or by installing from git. You may have to do this several times depending on how many dependencies the gem has. Install the Gem When the build process is completed, you will have a new gem in the pkg directory. Simply give the relative path to this .gem file to the gem install command. Youll need administrator privileges to do this on Linux or OSX. $ gem install pkg/gemname-1.23.gem The gem is now installed and can be used just as any other gem.

Education Is An Essential Element Of Early Life - 1445 Words

Education is an essential element of early life and is considered to be the bridge between classes and social structures. It is a worldwide equalizer and instructor, but academic systems have only been standardized and mandatory for roughly two-hundred years and consistently vary across the globe. These systems vary from year-round and 180-day academic years, to college-like structures and elementary organizations. In the United States, the academic calendar was created around a nineteenth-century agrarian society where there was need for a prolonged summer break that allowed for all members to aid in harvest. This system, to this day, is still in place in most schools across the country, but is failing in efficient education standards.†¦show more content†¦For teenage brains, this teaching style is practically trivial. Without ample time and resources, students are unable to learn material before being assigned nightly homework, creating a time of complete stress and inabil ity. With studies shown, personal stories told and a centuries-old structure in place, why hasn’t it become apparent to American’s that this system is futile and idle? Education standards have been created through top-ranking countries. To meet these standards, education systems, including the United States’, need to evolve from their outdated states and adapt new techniques compatible with 21st-century ideals and demands. The United States, though a role model across the globe because of its economic and political systems, is not an exemplary example of education standards. Countries across the world, including Germany, have created education systems suited to 21st-century society, where the United States is cemented behind its outdated techniques, thus falling behind academically. German education consists of a 220-day academic year, forty days longer than the average American year (â€Å"The German School System†). Their updated academic calendar provides more days and time within a school year to teach and learn information. With their realization that there was no need for a harvest period, Germans began to follow a

Higher Education Free Essays

In Classical vs. Modern Education: The Principal Difference article from the second issue of Classical Homeschooling Magazine, Patrick Carmack compares and critizes the both classical and new modern education models in terms of effectiveness and ethics. Within the samples from Socrates’ classical education understanding, the article points out that altering education system becomes an inanimate occurrence which ignores the soul of human beings and considers them as a sort of computer, a creation solely having a brain to use as a data storage. We will write a custom essay sample on Higher Education or any similar topic only for you Order Now As the author clarifies at the article by giving definitions of either type of education, education is much more complex than it seems, not merely gain information but also widen self’s horizon and learn to differentiate between good and bad, then being able to aim to goodness. Therefore the basic content of the education, what Carmack claims, should involve feelings, emotions – the most mentioned in the article is love- in order to have ‘‘well-rounded, cultured gentlemen and ladies, capable of addressing any problem or situation in life with the maximum likelihood both of success and personal happiness’’ (para. ). Carmack also touches upon the homeschooling issue, in a positive perspective in consequence of children who is educated or continue it by their family -except paramount situations- in a habitual, loving environment. Despite many obstacles and disadvantages author considers homeschooling as ‘‘the single greatest advantageà ¢â‚¬â„¢Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ of progressive education. Another point is, the adoption of the German kindergarten model has lessened the early home formation years of children’s. Moreover this has received the chance from kids to learn culture of their homes. As Carmack mentions at the beginning, since every individual has distinct features and characteristics, it should be taken into consideration that not everyone has the same IQ, interests and culture. Thus, it is essential for a child to know self’s own culture in the cause of built their own identity solidly and this can be only learned in an environment which provides the necessary cumulative cultural factors. All in all, writer engages attention to Socratic way of educating love and, defends it against the modern, in another words progressive education, clarifies the misunderstanding about the education’s aims and, emphasizes the necessity of consideration on individuals which have diverse characteristics; IQ, learning type, interests, culture, etc.. How to cite Higher Education, Papers Higher Education Free Essays Education Charlene Collins ENG 101 September 20, 2012 Yvette DE La Vega The Importance of a Good Education 1 EDUCATION Today more people are going back to college in order to obtain a degree of some type. More people are looking for careers and are tired of settling for jobs that they do not like just to get a paycheck. Employers are looking for employee with college degrees in order to present their customer with more qulitified people. We will write a custom essay sample on Higher Education or any similar topic only for you Order Now A college degree is more importance now than it has ever been. More jobs are being sent overseas today making it harder to find a job, so in order to find a job that will give a person the financial stability they need more adult are returning to college to get their degree. The Importance of a Good Education 2 Education The importance of a good education, a good education is the most important thing a person could obtain for themselves. Education is important to us in many aspects of life especially when it comes to your need for personal and social advancement. Education is important because it will open so many different opportunities in a person’s life. In the world today having a good education, means that so many new things are out there waiting. A good education will help a person to grow the more knowledge they have the better understanding they will have. A college education will give a since of satisfaction and will help build confidence. A good education can lead to a gain financial stability. A collage degree is important in order to obtain a good education. Obtaining an education today has become more important than it’s been in times before. In today’s society education is important because it brings with it economically independent and some socially status. The benefits of a good education are limitless and can take you where you never been before. Simply because of the fact that so many businesses big and small are closing their doors more people are finding that they need to upgrade their education and are returning to college to do so. The Importance of a Good Education 3 Education Many companies are out-sourcing their work overseas making it harder for people to find jobs increasing the need for people who once took job just to be able to feed their family, now are founding out that they have to good back to college in order to obtain a higher paying job in order to support their families. According to the article titled The Importance of Education May Be Different than You Were Taught, â€Å"The supposed purpose of education, as marketed by the education industry, is career advancement, higher pay and empowering a college graduate’s job search. Continuing your education at a college or university will increase your chances of getting a good paying job depending on your degree. † (2012). This also is true we it comes to what college people decide to attend some colleges name come with status. â€Å"Quality education responds to a desire of the student to learn, instead we have power brokers deciding what children need to know to be useful to the authorities. † (Spinoza Baruch, Jan, 11, 2010). Students are more prone to get an inadequate education. In order to obtaining a college education it requires a person to have a certain amount of dedication and personal drive. The Importance of a Good Education 4 Education A child’s education begins at home, which sets the guide line for the need to learn. Obtaining an education is not just about thing a person the basics it is a much more complex experience. â€Å"If you want to find out the impact of education on any individual, you can do an intense observation to the way a well-educated person excel in life and then compare them with an illiterate person† (Minton, 2009). More experts estimate that a college increase’s your income by as much as three times, over those who do not have a degree. While attending college they learn more about the world, as a result they gain insight on the difference between right wrong. In a speech, President Obama spoke to a group of students at a local school he said, â€Å"Your goal can be something as simple as doing all your homework, paying attention in class, or spending some time each day reading a book. Some of you may decide to get an extracurricular activity or volunteer in the community. Some of you may decide to stand up for a kid who is being bullied, because of your belief, because young people need a safe place to study and learn. † (Top News, Sept. 8, 2009). They all need to have some type of goal in mind in order to reach our full potential and wiliness to not let anything stand in our way. The Importance of a Good Education 5 Education An education is not just a way to move within your already existing job but a way to change the outcome of one’s whole, life. When they return to college they will have the opportunity to change professions to something that better fits their career goals, and obtain future opportunities for advancement in their current careers. â€Å"The individual benefits that a college graduates enjoy, includes a higher level of savings, increased personal satification, professional mobility, improved quality of life for their offspring, better consumer decisions making and more hobbies and leisure activities† (Porter, 494). According to a 2007 survey by U. S. News and World report, the number of college student’s age 40-64 years has increased nearly 20% to about two million in the last decade (2007). More adult are returning back to college to attain a degree or just to say to themselves that they could do it. The Importance of a Good Education 6 Education Most trade schools offer a course of study that is tailored toward enhancing one specific skill at a time. Students who attend a trade school do not have the same flexibility that is offered to college students, even though some trade schools do offer degree programs. Students at a traditional college have an opportunity to explore different fields and interest, (Traditional College VS. Trade School, 2012). Students who earn a bachelor’s degree will earn 42 to 53 percent more than those with some college or an associate’s degree. The earning potential for trade school graduates is not as high as that of a person with a college degree. On- the- job-training may be, only beneficial to you when you are trying to advance within your present position or to move to another job title. It may hinder you when you try to find a job outside the field you work in now, (Traditional College VS Trade School, 2012). â€Å"The cost of a college education has risen faster than the private sector income (Anonymous, 2008; Tozzi, 2009), parents and school counselors are increasing efforts to find the most affordable, yet worthwhile options for higher education. † While the cost of an education may be increasing in cost the demand for people with college degree are in a high demand. The Importance of a Good Education 7 Education While the cost of trade schools are often cheaper than that of a four year college, the training received at trade schools limits the choices of jobs open to an individual. On -the -job -training is usually paid for by the company they are employed with and at no cost to the employee. Anxiety over the rising cost of a college education, especially with the â€Å"sticker prices† of published tuition and fees, widespread during 1990’s, in part due to the low growth of family income relative to increases in tuition prices (Ehrenberg, 2000). â€Å"In 1970, only 26 percent of middle-class workers had any type of education beyond high school. Today, nearly 60 percent of all jobs in the U. S. economy require higher education† (The Value of a College Degree, 2012). According to an article entitled, The Outcomes of Investment in Education and Peoples Well-being, â€Å"Economists consider that the time and money invested in education pay returns and that these have positive net effect on the possibilities of satisfying human needs. With the completion on a college degree your chances of obtaining a higher paying job are greatly increased and the unemployment rate drop which puts more money back into the economy. The Importance of a Good Education 8 Education It is clear that in order to obtain a quality education, they must be completely dedicated toward achieving a goal. Obtaining a college degree will be a long process that will prepare a person for many different changes in their life. Even though the cost of an education has risen in the past few decades, the benefits of a college degree are far more likely to increase their earning potential, their standards of living, and their social standing. The Importance of a Good Education 9 References Clark, Kim Heading Back to College (Oct. 26, 2007) Dietz, J. (2010). The Myth That College and Major Choice Decides Johnny’s Future, College Student Journal, 44(2), 234-249. Ehrenberg, Ronald G. Tuition Rising: Why College Cost So Much, Harvard University Press (2000) Hanford, Emily (2012). The Value of a College Degree Milton, Eric, ROA Launches Online Education (Oct. 2009): p61 The Benefits of Higher education: College VS Vocational School (Sept. 2, 2012) Obama’s Speech on Importance of Education http://www. upi. com/Top_News/US/2009/09/08/Obamas-speech-on-importance-of-education/UPT-2150125 Spinoza Baruch, Way Education is Important in Our Life (Jan. 11, 2010) The Importance of a Good Education 10 References Traditional College VS Trade School http://www. ehow. com/info_7919928_traditional How to cite Higher Education, Essay examples

Essay on Competition & Consumer Act

Question: Discuss about the Competition and Consumer Act. Answer: Introduction: The key business laws which can assist Bill and Jill in this present scenario are the Competition Laws and Consumer Laws of Australia. Under the Competition and Consumer Act (CCA), it is imperative for any business establishment to conduct their business operations in a fair and ethical manner. The Competition and Consumer Act helps to ensure that the trading is fair for the business as well as the customers. The CCA covers most of the market place and it deals with retailers, suppliers, wholesalers, retailers, customers and market competitors. It strives to put an end to the unfair market practices by ensuring a strict adherence to the industry codes of practice which involves product safety, product labeling, mergers and acquisitions of business establishments, collective bargaining and price monitoring. In the case scenario given before us we can clearly see that Dodgy Pty. Ltd which owned the Fine Food Caf clearly violated the ethical code of conduct in their business (Phau Kea, 2007). In the contract undertaken between Dodgy Pty. Ltd. and the new owners (Bill and Jill), Dodgy Pty. Ltd. escalated their weekly earnings from the caf in order to provided a false impression to Bill and Jill that the caf was indeed a very popular hangout for the customers of the locality and it earned sufficient revenues throughout the week to take care of their business needs. Dodgy Pty. Ltd. has claimed that the caf has been earning weekly revenues of $10000 since the last 5 years. The company also stated that their cost of operations per week was approximately $3000. While running the business for quite some time, the new owners (Bill and Jill) came to realise that their average weekly takings are as low as $2000 which was not sufficient enough to take care of the business expenses of the caf. Thus, the organisation has hidden the truth from their clients and had deliberately provided wrong impression to the new owners to give them the impression that the caf was indeed a very profit able business venture who would bear long term gains and benefits for the new owners (Mackenzie et al. 2007). The Australian Consumer Law is another legislation from which Bill and Jill will be able to benefit. This law is playing a vital role in upholding the rights of the consumers and providing them protection from unethical trade practices. The Australian Consumer Law provides protection against property promoters who are often unable to substantiate the success stories and claims of profits which they promote. This law prohibits any kind of misleading information or deceptive behavior on the part of property sellers in order to influence the buying behavior of the customers. The fact that Dodgy Pty. Ltd. had fudged the real information and provided misleading data regarding the weekly revenues earned from the restaurant, it is clearly evident that Bill and Jill have been duped into buying the Fine Food Caf at a much inflated price than original (Yeung, 2009). Thus, by applying the two laws that has been discussed above, Bill and Jill can file a case against Dodgy Pty. Ltd. and claim compensation from them for the losses suffered in their business. The key areas of business law that are relevant in these facts The key areas of business law which are relevant in this present scenario are the Competition and Consumer Act (CCA) of 2010, Product Liability Regulation and Consumer Laws. The Competition and Consumer Act (CCA) of 2010 is applicable to each and every aspect of a business which includes pricing, advertising, transactions with customers and other business establishments. All business establishments must comply with the CCA in order to improve their performance in the market and providing a competitive edge to their business. This will invariably play a vital role in helping the business establishments to improve their relationship with their customers and this will enable them to enhance the reputation in the market. The Australian Competition and Consumer Commission (ACCC) is in charge of administering the CCA and their main objective is to promote ethical and fair business practices and create an efficient marketplace for business entities (Adams Nehme, 2011). In the given case sc enario, we can clearly see that Homeslice Pizza utilised UberEats in the process of picking up and delivering pizza to the suburbs of Sydney. Initially, Homeslice Pizza had good sales in the market and the UberEats played a very essential role in the success of the business. However, in order to cut down on the operational cost, Hugh the owner of the Homeslice Pizza stopped the delivery service provided by UberEats and utilised his son Theo to personally deliver the pizzas using his car. Hugh did not bother to register any documents regarding the change of delivery process and they claimed in their advertisements that they are using the delivery service of UberEats. This is a clear violation of the ethical code of conduct in a business. Hugh in order to earn more profits from his business has utilised unfair trading practices to gain a competitive advantage in the market. The company has also wrongfully claimed that they have utilised the delivery services of UberEats. Thus, the Com petition and Consumer Act (CCA) of 2010 is applicable in this scenario (Yeung, 2009). Australia has a national statutory framework which aims to regulate the product safety and information standards in Australia. These standards play a vital role in ensuring that harmful are not being marketed and sold to the customers in the market. These standards are also enforced by the ACCC along with the state and territory fair trade offices which monitor the enforcement of product safety rules in the respective states. The Code of Practice essentially describes and states the code of conduct for business establishments. It plays a vital role in protecting the business establishments as well as their customers from unfair trading practices by enabling the business establishments to operate under a fair competition and ensuring that the interests of the customers are always protected. Under the Code of Practice, an organisation is bound to inform their customers regarding what type of products and services they are dealing with. Business establishments can incorporate their own Code of Practice or they can adopt the industry specific code of practice (Zumbo, 2007). In the given scenario, we can clearly see that in order to maximize the profits and revenues from his business, Hugh clearly violated the product safety standards which caused the death of a customer. He utilised unfair trading practices and substituted old and out of data cheese in his pizzas. The utter disregard of Hugh to ensure the quality of cheese which was being provided to their customers in the market made many customers sick and it resulted in the death of a customer. However, in their advertisements Hugh has claimed that Homeslice Pizza only incorporates the freshest ingredients with farm fresh cheeses. This gross violation of public health and safety standards merely for the purpose of maximizing the profits and revenues of Homeslice Pizza make it liable to face the product liability regulation (Corones, 2013). The consumer laws are also applicable in this scenario because due to the gross negligence of Hugh, many customers have become sick after consuming the stale and out of date ingredients which have been used in the pizzas delivered by Homeslice Pizza. In the case scenario presented before us, Hugh deliberately used sub standard quality of food in order to cut down on his business expenses and thus his actions made him liable towards his customers. Being a businessman, Hugh must be responsible and accountable towards ensuring the health and safety of his customers. Hugh was supposed to protect the interests of his consumers and he miserably failed in performing his duty and thus Hugh has been found guilty of violating the consumer laws in Australia (Quinlan Johnstone, 2009). Who can take legal action and what remedies could be given by a court? All the customers who have been at the receiving end of the alleged malpractice of Hugh and all those individuals whose health has been threatened due to the poor quality of products used by Hugh have the right to take legal action against Hugh and his pizza business, Homeslice Pizza. The customers of Hugh are well within their rights to sue Homeslice Pizza and claim compensation in a court of law for using sub-standard and stale food products in their pizzas which compromised and threatened their health and well being. The fact that one person has died due to the inferior quality of food products make Hugh responsible for culpable homicide and thus Hugh would have to face prison terms if it is proved in a court of law that the customer died due to consumption of stale and inferior quality of food that has been served by Homeslice Pizza. Futhermore, the Australian Competition and Consumer Commission (ACCC) can permanently close down the business operated by Hugh and impose huge fines on Homeslice Pizza for all the alleged malpractices and utter disregarding for the ethical code of conduct in business and the gross violation of Competition and Consumer Act (CCA) of 2010, Product Liability Regulation and Consumer Laws in Australia (Ardic et al. 2011). Reference Phau, I., Kea, G. (2007). Attitudes of university students toward business ethics: a cross-national investigation of Australia, Singapore and Hong Kong. Journal of Business Ethics, 72(1), 61-75. Quinlan, M., Johnstone, R. (2009). The implications of de collectivist industrial relations laws and associated developments for worker health and safety in Australia, 19962007. Industrial Relations Journal, 40(5), 426-443. Mackenzie, F. J., Jordens, C. F. C., Ankeny, R. A., McPhee, J., Kerridge, I. H. (2007). Direct to consumer advertising under the radar: the need for realistic drugs policy in Australia. Internal medicine journal, 37(4), 224-228. Ardic, O. P., Ibrahim, J., Mylenko, N. (2011). Consumer protection laws and regulations in deposit and loan services: A cross-country analysis with a new data set. World Bank Policy Research Working Paper Series, Vol. Yeung, K. (2009). Presentational management and the pursuit of regulatory legitimacy: A comparative study of competition and consumer agencies in the United Kingdom and Australia. Public Administration, 87(2), 274-294. Corones, S. G. (2013). The Australian consumer law. Thomson Reuters, Lawbook Co.. Adams, M., Nehme, M. (2011). Consumer Law: No New Specific Legislation Required to Deal with'Greenwashing'. Keeping good companies, 63(7), 419. Nagarajan, V. (2007). Reconceiving regulation: finding a place for the consumer. Available at SSRN 1120092. Zumbo, F. (2007). Are Australias consumer laws fit for purpose?. Trade Pract. Law J, 15, 228.

Intro To Genetic Engineering Essays - Genetic Engineering

Intro To Genetic Engineering A whooping 60% of what's on our supermarket shelves may contain genetically engineered soya. Some 3000 genetically engineered foods are lined up for approval. How should genetically engineered (GE) foods be regulated? Foremost, we must clarify what genetic engineering is-- laboratory technique used by scientists to change the DNA of living organisms. DNA is the blueprint for the individuality of an organism. The organism relies upon the information stored in its DNA for the management of every biochemical process. The life, growth and unique features of the organism depend on its DNA. Genes are the segments of DNA, which have been associated with certain functions of an organism. Molecular biologists have discovered many enzymes, which change the structure of DNA in living organisms. Some of these enzymes can cut and join strands of DNA. Using such enzymes, scientists learned to cut specific genes from DNA and to build customized DNA using these genes. They also learned about strands of DNA?viruses-- which can infect a cell and insert themselves into its DNA, so, scientists started to build viruses which made genes of their choosing and used the new viruses to insert these genes into the DNA of living organisms. Genetic engineers believe they can improve the foods we eat by doing this. For example, tomatoes are sensitive to frost, which shortens their growing season. Fish, on the other hand, survive in very cold water. Scientists identified a particular gene, which enables a flounder to resist cold, and used the technology of genetic engineering to insert this 'anti-freeze' gene into a tomato. This makes it possible to extend the growing season of the tomato. A lot of food that we eat today contains genetically modified ingredients and usually without our knowledge. The biggest experiment in human history has begun, with us as the guinea pigs and the planets ecological system as the test site. The argument is not whether or not it should be allowed but how it s hould be regulated. Supporters of this technology want to ensure that people know ?what is real versus what isn't? and so they want to enforce regulating labeling their products. Congress has provided the U.S Food and Drug Administration (FDA) a limited basis on which to require labeling. Generally, for FDA to require labeling there must be something different about the food. In general, this means most genetically engineered foods will not need special labeling because they will be similar to the real thing, but there are exceptions, such as when a gene from a food that could cause an allergic reaction--peanuts, for example--is transferred into another food. In that case, FDA policy places the burden on the developer. The food will have to be labeled so everyone will know it contains an allergen, unless the developer can show scientifically that the allergenicity has not been transferred, says Laura Tarantino, Ph.D., deputy director of FDA's Office of Pre-market Approval. Fortunately, the products in f ront of us right now don't raise those issues. FDA also will require labeling if a company uses genetic engineering techniques to change a food's composition significantly. For example, when one manufacturer modified canola to produce increased levels of lauric and myristic acids in the seed oil, FDA agreed that the common or usual name for this oil would be laurate canola oil in order to distinguish it from traditional canola oil. People outside industry mainly, consumers, consumer organizations, environmental groups, independent scientists, European farmers, and public health organizations are the other players on the opposing side to this argument that states that genetically engineered products do not have a good track record for human safety. There are currently more than four-dozen genetically engineered foods and crops being grown or sold in the US. These foods and crops are widely dispersed into the food chain and the environment. One example, for instance, was in 1989 and 1990, when a genetically engineered brand of L-tryptophan, a common dietary supplement, killed more than 30 Americans and permanently disabled more than 5,000 others with a potentially fatal and painful blood disorder, eosinophilia myalgia syndrome, before it was recalled by the FDA. The manufacturer, Showa Denko K.K., Japan's third largest chemical company, had used

Professional Ethics Essay Sample

Professional Ethics Essay Sample Essay on Pofessional Ethics Providing a professional ethics application towards other party is a simple way of delivering a respectable process of valuing the rights of other individuals as well as groups. When we say professional ethics, this is the professional way of valuing the dignity and existence of other individuals or groups. This is an important structure because valuing the ethical principles and values make a person responsible and disciplined on a regular basis. In this case, the significance of essay has been efficient on delivering a high amount of trust and value towards others in a professional way. In this case, the relationship between individuals, groups, and organizations become stronger as they all value the importance of respecting their rights to promote their dignity on a regular basis. Application of professional ethics is usually observed at work because we all work for the betterment of the company or organization that we apply our skills and knowledge to the company or other people. Valuing the rights and the vision of the company makes us responsible because it is a way to respect the existence of the company or a group that we work with. As a professional, we value our interests and goals in life as we apply our skills and contribution to improve the performance of the company we work with. Respecting the rules and regulations are examples to prevent any ethical and legal consequences that might impact our professional and personal values. This is the reason companies have a very firm reason to apply all corners of regulations to employees, investors, and consumers so that the value of trust becomes efficient with their core values and interests. The importance of utilizing professional ethics is to consistently apply the significance of policies that impact our behaviors and relationship towards others. This is done when we are dealing with business partnerships that are essential to prevent conflicting interests of any activities that we apply or consider. When engaging a contract, respecting the statement of agreement paper aims to establish a common interest between two individuals or groups so that the flow of the activity is followed correctly. A contract of agreement or a statement of agreement is a professional way of adhering to the standards of the company by the involved individuals or parties. It shows how a certain business, service, or talent is being applied in the most professional way as possible through a written contract. Application of professional ethics is important because it applies the essentials of the law and respecting the policies of every involved party at all times. Being formal to every involvement to a business or a company implies that the person is fulfilling their responsibility as mandated by the involved party or the society as a whole. Valuing ethical responsibilities is an example on how a certain role is respected by an involved party so that any misconduct is prevented by employers or anyone who already made agreements with a certain party. One should realize that any conflicting interests such as violating the agreements that have already been signed will consider their professional contracts breached. This is because there are agreed terms that were not followed or having failed to accomplish tasks that are relevant to the scope of responsibilities that should have been applied by the involved party (Wager Williams, 2011). Reference Wager, Elizabeth Williams, Peter (2011). Why and how do journals retract articles? An analysis of Medline retractions 1988- 2008.  Journal of Medical Ethics.  37  (9): 567–570.

Sel-managed learning in the context of lifelong learning Assignment

Sel-managed learning in the context of lifelong learning - Assignment Example This paper seeks to discuss how self-managed learning enhances lifelong development. This will be illustrated by evaluating the self managed learning approaches, ways through which lifelong learning could be encouraged both in professional and personal contexts, and the benefits of self managed learning to the organization and individual. In addition, the paper will include information on professional standards and organizational objectives. Personal development opportunities that I have received in meeting both future current needs will also be included. People or individual can learn through conferences and seminars what they have learned or experienced and make changes regarding their own future. Conferences and seminars offer opportunity to people to present their knowledge concerning something to the rest of the people who as a result learn new things. Individuals or people become more confident in public speaking and develops skills of presentation needed in the organization through conferences and seminars (Centre for Self Managed Learning 2000). Different social networks such as Twitter, Facebook, My year book etc offer an opportunity for many people learn new things from friends. People can also access information about the owners of such social networks. Internet is one of the major sources of information through which people get to learn new and historical things. Many articles are also accessible concerning management studies. There are various different sites that on the internet that can assist people or individual in learning new things (Centre for Self Managed Learning 2000). In self managed learning, there exist a number of ways through which lifelong learning in both professional and personal contexts could be encouraged. Lifelong learning entails personally continuous learning that could possibly contribute to professional context (Swann, 2007). People or individual may have assessments at personal level as

Economic versus Non-Economic Issues in Union Environments (Employee Research Paper

Economic versus Non-Economic Issues in Union Environments (Employee Labor and Relations class) Human Resource Management - Research Paper Example 54] between employment and employer – in other words, the aim is to further the negotiation process as opposed to forcing another route for a resolution (e.g. binding arbitration). NON-ECONOMIC ARTICLE: The article in question (see: APPENDIX-A) is non-economic insofar as it is a morals clause. The article in question is established to protect the artists of the production as far as what they are willing and not-willing to perform. For instance, if there was a particular actor who was uncomfortable with performing a scene in the nude, or an actor who felt that there was content in the script that went against their basic value system or perhaps religious belief, this article protects the security of employment for the actor where they uncomfortable with a part or portion of the production or script. Having the right to refuse to perform a part or portion of a staged production, ensures that the employee will not be subjected to any further reprisals for taking a stand on a part icular issue.

Descriptive Statistics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Descriptive Statistics - Essay Example In simple words, the results are not accurate because the last patient’s survival of 45 weeks is an exceptional entry that has alone a considerable impact on measures of central tendency in this study. Recall that the standard deviation defines an area below and above the mean about which it is expected that a majority of the scores will fall. The researchers; therefore, would be required to submit another set of results on 12 new entries to estimate the mean and central tendency measures. Additional money to researchers will then be granted if they come up with satisfactory results. Research Hypothesis Null Hypothesis: H0 - ? = 9.6 Alternative Hypothesis: Ha = ? > 10 The original claim is that the mean number of weeks that a prostate cancer patient lives after receiving a confirmed diagnosis of being in stage 4 is 9.6. Whereas, the new case study considers that it is above 9.6; therefore, there is need to conduct a statistical test of single average. Test Statistic Variables The independent variables include the age of cancer patients, financial situation of participants etc. The dependent variables may include medical checkups and patients’ personal care. Selection, Problems and Ethical Issues The cancer patients in stage 4 will be selected randomly without identifying their forecasted survival life in weeks by doctors and medical representatives. Indeed, this is an attempt to avert any possibility of biases in the study.

Maintenance Strategy for an Emergency Lighting System

Maintenance Strategy for an Emergency Lighting System Table 1 Term / Abbreviation Definition API Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient ATEX Atmosphere Explosible (French acronym) CAT Category CCTV Closed-Circuit Television cGMP Current Good Manufacturing Practice CMMS Computerised Maintenance Management System CSE Confined Space Entry CTU Central Test Unit Ex Explosion protection symbol displayed on equipment that is suitable for use in an ATEX area FT Facilities Technicians HR Human Resources HSA Health And Safety Authority HSE Health, Safety and Environment IR Industrial Relations IS Irish Standard IFM Integrated Facilities Management KPI Key Performance Indicator LEL Lower Explosive Limit LVI Liquid Vapour Incinerator NIPBI Novartis International Pharmaceutical Branch Ireland NRL Novartis Ringaskiddy Limited MCB Miniature Circuit Breaker MEWP Mobile Elevated Work Platform MTBF Mean Time Between Failure MTTR Mean Time To Repair PB1 Production Building 1 PB1A Production Building 1 Annex PB2 Production Building 2 PM Preventive Maintenance PU Production Unit QA Quality Assurance SAP Computerised Maintenance Management System used by Novartis SOP Standard Operating Procedure TS Technical Services VEIS Veolia Environnement Industries Services One could be forgiven for thinking that compiling a maintenance strategy for an emergency lighting system would be a trivial matter to execute. This may possibly be the case with a small office building but our challenge at Novartis was not a task that could be underestimated. The first thing to consider is the scale of the site at approximately 150 acres and that emergency lighting by its nature permeates every nook and cranny. The second is the huge emphasis placed on safety which is understandable when Seveso directives are factored in. Adding to this was the fact that until VEIS arrived on site there was no existing strategy for the maintenance of the emergency lighting system. Once the remit passed to VEIS, literally overnight, we inherited the mammoth task of restoring the system to full operation and ensuring regulatory compliance in terms of inspection and testing. This all was being played out under the watchful gaze of existing site staff that may not have been openly welcome to the notion of an IFM companys arrival on site. There was minimum time for VEIS staff to ease into their roles in this challenging environment. Needless to say the first six months on site were a baptism of fire (but thankfully not in the literal sense!). Besides immediately assuming inspection and testing duties, the initial stages involved gathering data on both the quantities of light fittings present and the extent of repair work required. The next stage required meeting with suppliers to arrange for parts supply. Full restoration of the system would then take place in tandem with ongoing inspection and testing. Regarding inspection and testing, there was little leeway for VEIS to create a customised approach as the regulations in I.S. 3217 2013 are quite prescriptive. We simply had to figure out the most effective and efficient way to deliver the required performance of such a safety critical system. I believe the expertise required from VEIS was not to reinvent a method of maintaining an emergency lighting system. Instead it was to implement a strategy, where none existed before, that worked both in terms of compliance to regulations and ensuring maximum availability of a safety critical system. On this front, we certainly delivered. Novartis Ringaskiddy Limited is an API manufacturing plant located in Co. Cork Ireland. It is part of the Novartis global healthcare company which is based in Switzerland. In January 2014, VEIS assumed responsibility for the provision of an Integrated Facilities Management contract of 5 years duration. This encompassed the following equipment/services: Utilities steam boilers, air compressors, air dryers, cooling towers, water treatment, purified water systems. Hard Services fire alarm, gas detection system, CCTV, roller shutter doors, clean room sliding doors, dock lifts, passenger and freight elevators, emergency lighting. Soft Services catering, cleaning, security, landscaping, pest control, internal plants. This was the first venture into the outsourcing of Facilities Management services by Novartis so there was a steep learning curve for all concerned. My role with VEIS was Technical Team Lead with primary responsibility over Utilities and Hard Services. Our most immediate Task was to implement a Maintenance Strategy for site wide Emergency Lighting. This had fallen into neglect over the years; mainly due to a lack of a dedicated team to oversee its maintenance there had almost been an ad hoc approach to testing and repair. Besides my role as Team Lead, the VEIS maintenance crew consisted of 2 Facilities Technicians, both with strong past electrical experience. It was decided that upkeep of the Emergency Lighting system would be fully self-delivered with no outside contractor involvement. Figure 1: Novartis Ringaskiddy Limited (Source: PM Group) Figure 1 is an aerial view of the Novartis Ringaskiddy Limited site (PM Group). Table 2 A Main Switch Room B Pump House C Tank Farm D Solvent Recovery E LVI F Contractors Compound (not in IFM contract scope) G Project Stores (not in IFM contract scope) H PB 2 I PB 1 J PB 1A K Waste Water L Utilities M Technical Services N QA Labs O Warehouse P Canteen/HR/Administration Q NIPBI Labs R Security Gate House Table 2 defines alphabetically labelled points in Figure 1. Novartis Ringaskiddy Limited is subject to Seveso directives. These directives are put in place to help prevent major industrial accidents and ensure that sites are prepared, in terms of response, for when accidents occur (European Commission, 2016). Sites are categorised according to the amount of hazardous chemicals in storage (Lawlor Technology, 2015). NRL is an upper tier Seveso site there are up to 4000m3 of solvent chemicals stored on site. There are also several Zone 1 and 2 ATEX areas. The HSA (n.d.) defines these as: Zone 1 That part of a hazardous area in which a flammable atmosphere is likely to occur in normal operation. Zone 2 That part of a hazardous area in which a flammable atmosphere is not likely to occur in normal operation and, if it occurs, will exist for a short period. Another example of a hazardous area is the Dryer Unloading area in PB1. During certain production campaigns, there is the presence of Category 3 chemicals here. Access to the area is strictly prohibited during these times. Contact with minute amounts of Category 3 chemicals can have severe health consequences for a person (Ader et al, 2005). Because of the highly dangerous operating context of the emergency lighting system, safe work practices were essential for the VEIS team on the Novartis site. We were required to develop a method statement for emergency lighting maintenance activities. This was reviewed by the HSE department and a site electrical engineer. Edits were performed where necessary prior to final approval. The use or carrying of cellular phones was prohibited at all times at NRL. Its worth noting for this exercise the challenging IR environment that VEIS entered at the beginning of the IFM contract. It was seen by many on site that moving to an outsourced service provider would result in lay-offs for NRL maintenance staff. In reality VEIS were tasked at delivering in areas that were either previously neglected or lacked central control. Until this realisation had sunk in, maximum discretion and diplomacy was required from the VEIS team in order to gain acceptance from the existing site staff. During the initial stages of the VEIS teams arrival onsite, there was an unwavering focus on all aspects of our conduct. It was of prime importance that the team displayed the upmost professionalism and adherence to safe working practices at all times. It was essential that, for our maintenance strategy to work, full cooperation was received from existing site staff. This involved gaining trust from both management and floor staff. The Novartis Ringaskiddy site, under the surface, functions as a group of almost autonomous areas. The production buildings, utilities, warehouse, tank farm waste water areas all have designated management teams who all have in turn subtle but distinct differences in methods of operation. As emergency lighting is a utility that features across the site, the VEIS team had to find a way to adapt to the varying cultural practices in order to make our strategy work. Engaging in a respectful and sometimes almost deferential manner was the order of the day. Here are some of the bridges that had to be crossed: Method Statement development The method statement for emergency lighting maintenance activities required review and approval from both the HSE process safety manager and PB1 electrical engineer. The peculiar aspect to this is that neither of the other two site electrical engineers opted to review or approve the method statement despite being presented with it. See Appendix A for cover page of Method Statement. Planning Meetings Again there was a variance here in that VEIS attended weekly maintenance planning meetings in the PB2 production building only. This was to ensure that production and maintenance coordinators were aware of upcoming works. This obviously extended beyond emergency lighting to all VEIS related maintenance. It also helped ensure that the work permitters for the building had advanced notice as resources were tight in this area. For other areas on site, email notification was sufficient to alert NRL staff of pending activities. Client Meetings As part of our customer engagement strategy, we arranged separate monthly meetings with key staff from the PB1, PB2 and Technical Services areas. This provided a forum for all parties to express opinions on any issues or indeed the good news stories. KPI Score Card Client interaction was critical here. See section 13.0 for specific detail. ATEX areas It was vital for VEIS to gain the confidence of the client in our ability to work safely and competently in the ATEX areas. As an embedded contractor, we were subject to more intense scrutiny than any sub-contractor that provided services to the client. An example would be the purchase of a Fluke Ex multi-meter that we made. This came at a cost of à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬1000. All other electrical maintenance staff used the non-Ex à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬300 version. Asset Register Individual emergency light fittings were not listed on the NRL asset register. The lowest level the register went to was the Central Test Units. The Novartis engineers were keen to have a full schedule of emergency light fittings included in the asset register so it made sense for VEIS to assist them. Aiding the NRL engineers with this task was not in the scope of the IFM contract but providing this service did much to solidify the relationship and further build trust. This was practically a mini project and involved the following activities: Compiling the full list of fittings. Listing the fittings accurately by type and by area. Redlining the lighting plans to reflect moved, removed or newly installed fittings. Confirming the correct CTUs, Distribution Boards and MCBs. Liaising with the site electrical engineers to agree on a naming/tagging convention. Supplying redlined lighting plans to site drawing office for printing and uploading to the Novartis COMOS system. Site Manual (Play Book) A site manual or play book was developed which outlined the scope of the VEIS IFM contract. This was a live document which evolved as the contract progressed and reflected any new services that were added to the remit of VEIS. The site manual was subject to periodic review by the Novartis IFM lead. High level maintenance strategies were also stored in in this book. In order to comply with rigorous onsite HSE policies, VEIS technical staff required training/certification with the following: ATEX Awareness. Emergency Lighting Commissioning Inspection. Confined Space Entry. Mobile Access Tower assembly. Current Good Manufacturing Practice. Fire Watch. Lock-out/Tag-out/Isolation. Mobile Elevated Work Platform operation. Permitting hot and cold works. SAP CMMS User level for FTs. Maintenance Planner level for Technical Team Lead. Working at Heights. Manual Handling. Safety Harness. As previously mentioned, the Emergency Lighting system had fallen into a state of disrepair on the Ringaskiddy site. With the arrival of VEIS onsite as the IFM provider, a new impetus was put on restoring the system to full operating order and maintaining it to a proper and compliant standard. In addition, it was quickly noticed by the VEIS team that list of emergency light fittings in the contract tender was not correct. There had been several additions and modifications to the system without proper records to reflect the changes. After a thorough appraisal, it was found that more than à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬100,000 would be required in parts purchasing to carry out the necessary repairs. This would have to be actioned by VEIS as it was within scope of the contract. Appendix B lists the costs of parts required to achieve a fully functioning emergency lighting system. All of the emergency light fittings on the NRL site are of the Self-Contained Emergency Luminaire variant. This type is defined as having all components such as the lamp, control unit and battery either inside or not more than one metre from the fitting (Ventilux, n.d.). 8.1 Various Types Used Figures 2 and 3 show both the most commonly used and most expensive to replace fittings used at NRL. There are other types also such as Exit/Running Man and Twin Spot. Although these are equally critical from a safety perspective, they came at a fraction of the cost to replace. It was decided because of the preferential pricing available for purchasing complete Stahl fittings that these would be used to replace defective CEAG units that were economically unrepairable. CEAG fittings were kept in service only when the repairs didnt extend beyond tube and battery replacement. Figure 2: Stahl Ex Emergency Light Fitting (Source: Stahl) Figure 2 shows the types of Stahl light fittings used on the Novartis site (Stahl). Figure 3: CEAG Ex Emergency Light Fitting (Source: Atex) Figure 3 shows the type of CEAG light fitting used on the Novartis site (Atex). 8.2 Quantities of Fittings by Area Zone Table 3 Fitting Type Ex Zone 1 Ex Zone 2 Safe Area Main Switch Room 6 Pump House 15 Tank Farm 28 57 28 Solvent Recovery 33 69 LVI 16 35 PB 2 563 130 PB 1 530 145 PB 1A 285 78 Waste Water 58 31 Utilities 55 Technical Services 95 QA Labs 88 Warehouse 93 Canteen/HR/Administration 125 NIPBI Labs 168 Security Gate House 7 Sub Totals 1455 219 1064 Grand Total 2738 Table 3 list the corrected amounts of light fittings by zone and by area. The more correct way to classify equipment suitable for use in Ex Zone 1 and Zone 2 areas is by CAT 2 and CAT 3 respectively. However it is normal in Industry to reference them by Ex Zone numbers only. Safe Area refers to type of light fittings used outside of the hazardous areas. 8.3 Components Failure Information The one benefit of taking on a dilapidated system, from a maintenance perspective, is that you have the data to hand on the reasons why the assets have failed. Figure 4 displays a breakdown of these failure modes for the emergency light fittings on the Novartis site. This information was a key driver in deciding the amounts and types of spare parts to be held on site. Figure 4: Reasons for Light Fitting Failure Figure 4 illustrates failure data compiled on the NRL site. The Inspection and Maintenance activities evolved as the contract progressed on the Novartis site. The initial stages comprised of inspection and data gathering. This advanced to inspection, testing and repairs. 9.1 Structure and Administration of PMs on CMMS Novartis utilises the SAP CMMS to administrate all of its maintenance activities. VEIS staff were trained onsite in the use of this system. The Facilities Technicians were trained to User level while the Technical Team Lead was trained to Planner level. As effective owners of the assets and systems that were in scope for the IFM contract, it was agreed that we would manage maintenance activities end-to-end. Here is a synopsis of how we ran this aspect of our operation for the emergency lighting system: PMs were built against the Asset IDs of the CTUs. The CMMS Created a PM01 Preventive Maintenance Work Order in advance of the Due Date based on the Call Horizon settings. The VEIS Planner Released the Work Order in advance of the activity being carried out. One of the FTs printed the resultant Job Card. The FTs had a predetermined period of time from the Due Date to complete the activity so as not to exceed the Late Date. PMs that overshot the Late Date required Deviation Reports to be submitted. Corrective activities were recorded using PM11 Deferred Maintenance or PM12 Immediate Maintenance Work Orders depending on the severity of the issue. Completed Job Cards and reports, where applicable, were uploaded to the CMMS and attached to the relevant Work Order before changing its status to Complete. See Appendix C for definitions of the terms used by the SAP CMMS. See Appendix D for an example of a Novartis Work Order raised on the SAP CMMS. 9.2 Permitting for Works There was variance across the NRL site in how permits to work were processed. Again it was an example of how at a high level there was standard practice but the reality on the ground was different. This was another area where VEIS had to adapt to the different procedures and ensure both safety compliance and a timely manner for delivering works. The time concern stems from lengthy delays that could occur if one did not follow the specific permitting guidelines for a particular area. See Appendix F for a table displaying the differences per area in processing of permits to work on the NRL site. 9.3 Inspection and Testing Daily Test The following is the procedure employed for the daily test: To complete the daily test of the emergency lighting system, one of the Facilities Technicians walks the site and checks the CTUs for presence of any faults. Permitting is not required for this activity. Any faults are recorded in the VEIS Emergency Lighting Logbook and repairs are put into the work queue. Visual Inspection of Emergency Lights Under the previous I.S. 3217 standard, all emergency light fittings had to be visually inspected weekly. This would have been near impossible for the VEIS team to deliver. The current standard stipulates that 25% of fittings are to be visually inspected weekly resulting in 100% being checked in a four week period. The following is the procedure employed for the visual inspection: When conducting a visual inspection of the emergency lights in an area, the Facilities Technicians will first contact the area supervisor to inform them of the intention to carry out an inspection. A permit and countersignature will then be requested if it is deemed necessary. Technicians will use the access card swipe-in system or the sign-in logbook when entering the area if such systems are present. The Technicians will then walk the area and record their results in the VEIS Emergency Lighting Logbook. The area will be left in a clean and tidy state. They will swipe or sign out when leaving the area if such systems are present. If a permit was received then it will be returned and signed off. See Appendix E for Risk Assessment table. Three Monthly Inspection (for a 3 hour self-contained system) The following is the procedure employed for a 3 monthly inspection: When conducting the Three Monthly Inspection of the emergency lights in an area, the Facilities Technicians will first contact the area supervisor to inform them of the intention to carry out an inspection. A permit and countersignature will then be requested. Signs will be placed at the entrances to the area to advise personnel that an inspection is taking place. Technicians will use the access swipe-in system or the sign-in logbook when entering the area if such systems are present. The emergency lighting Central Test Unit will then be activated, or in cases where a circuit is not on a CTU, the MCB will be switched off which will result in the emergency lighting going into fault mode. The Technicians will then walk the area and record their results in the VEIS Emergency Lighting Logbook. When complete the CTU will be reset and any MCBs that were switched off will be switched on. Faults that have been recorded will then be addressed. A suitable ladder will be used for the repairs. Where the step ladder is used, FTs should not exceed hip height to the top rung of the ladder. A safety harness will be worn where required. A scaffold will be used where required. Care is to be taken when using hand tools. A Hot Work Permit will be required to work near live exposed parts such as using a meter to check for power. If replacing internal parts of the light or where a wiring fault needs to be rectified, then the circuit will be locked out at the lighting supply board with a MCB locking device and a padlock. VEIS staff will refer to Novartis SOP 000.926.0479 Isolation of electrically driven equipment. Before disconnecting any cable the FT must always confirm that the internal mains wiring is dead using a digital multi-meter. When work is complete then the area is to be left clean and tidy and all circuits should be powered up. They will swipe or sign out when leaving the area if such systems are present. The permit will be returned and signed off. See Appendix E for Risk Assessment table. Upon completion of the Three Monthly Inspection and testing, a report for inspection, testing and servicing as detailed in Annex C1 and Annex C7 of I.S. 3217:2013 shall be attached to the relevant SAP Work Order where it can be viewed/printed by the PU Manager and electrical engineer of (PB1,PB2,TS). As per 16.2.4.1 of I.S. 3217:2013. A copy of the report shall be placed in the VEIS Emergency Lighting Logbook. Annual Load Test (for a 3 hour self-contained system) The following is the procedure employed for the annual load test: When conducting the Annual Load Test of the emergency lights in an area, the Facilities Technicians will first contact the area supervisor to inform them of the intention to carry out an inspection. A permit and countersignature will then be requested. Signs will be placed at the entrances to the area to advise personnel that an inspection is taking place. Technicians will use the access swipe-in system or the sign-in logbook when entering the area if such systems are present. The emergency lighting Central Test Unit will then be activated, or in cases where a circuit is not on the CTU the MCB will be switched off, which will result in the emergency lighting going into fault mode. The Technicians will then walk the area and record their results in the VEIS Emergency Lighting Logbook. When complete the CTU will be reset and any MCBs that were switched off will be switched on. Faults that have been recorded will then be addressed. A suitable ladder will be used for the repairs. Where the step ladder is used, Technicians should not exceed hip height to the top rung of the ladder. A safety harness will be worn where required. A scaffold will be used where required. Care is to be taken when using hand tools. A Hot Work Permit will be required to work near live exposed parts such as using a meter to check for power. If replacing internal parts of the light or where a wiring fault needs to be rectified, then the circuit will be locked out at the lighting supply board with a MCB locking device and a padlock. VEIS staff will refer to Novartis SOP 000.926.0479 Isolation of electrically driven equipment. Before disconnecting any cable the FT must always confirm that the internal mains wiring is dead using a digital multi-

A Farewell to Arms as a Classic Literary Work Essay -- Farewell Arms E

A Farewell to Arms as a Classic Literary Work      Ã‚   A classic literary work has been defined as a work "that lasts through generations because of its universality of theme, ageless symbolism, word choice and the ordering of detail."   A Farewell to Arms, by Ernest Hemingway should be considered a classic literary work due to the universal themes, ageless symbolism, word choice, and story detail.     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Although there were several themes in this book, a major theme seemed to dominate the story.   This theme is the importance of love and loss in a male emale relationship.   These two lovers were so absorbed in each other that they needed no one else in their life.      'Wouldn't you like to go on a trip somewhere by yourself, darling, and be with men and ski?'   'No. Why should I?'   'I should think sometimes you would want to see other people besides me.' 'Do you want to see other people?'   'No.'   'Neither do I' (Hemingway 297).      This conversation shows that Catherine loves him so much that she is willing to be alone just so he can be happy.   At the same time, Mr. Henry would probably like to go skiing but would never dream of leaving Catherine alone.   Death wins out over love.  Ã‚   TO CLARIFY WHO IS SPEAKING, PUT THE QUOTE INTO YOUR PAPER JUST AS IT IS WRITTEN IN THE NOVEL.   WHEN THE SPEAKER CHANGES BEGIN A NEW LINE.   .  Ã‚   THE PUNCTUATION SHOULD APPEAR AFTER THE PARENTHESES ONLY, NOT AFTER THE INSIDE THE QUOTE AND AFTER THE PAGE NUMBER.    'It is very dangerous.'   The nurse went into the room and shut the door. I sat outside in the hall. Everything was gone inside of me.   I did not think.   I could not think.   I knew she was going to   die and I prayed that she would ... ...d dialogue and story line makes this an easy to read and understandable ageless story.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚      Works Cited and Consulted Bloom, Harold. Introduction. Ernest Hemingway's A Farewell to Arms. Ed. Harold Bloom. New York: Chelsea, 1987. Hemingway, Ernest. A Farewell to Arms. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1957. Lewis, Wyndham. Twentieth Century Interpretations of A Farewell to Arms. Ed. Jay Gellens. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice, 1970. 56-64. Young, Philip. Ernest Hemingway. New York: Rinehart, 1952. Internet Sources Ernest Hemingway in His Time.   July, 1999. Universtiy of Delaware Library, Special Collections Department. 29 Dec. 2000 Flashback. July, 1999. The Atlantic Monthly. 29 Dec. 2000   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Hemingway Campfire. February, 2000. Hemingway Nantucket Campfire. 5 Jan. 2001 http://hatteraslight.com/navy/Hemingwayhall/cas/448.html.